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Bridge Abutment
Abutment Bridge, an element of a bridge that provides vertical support for the bridge superstructure at bridge ends, adjoins bridge with approach roadway and maintains roadway base materials from bridge spans, is called a bridge attachment.
A variety of abutments are available to be used on a specific bridge site. The most important factor when choosing the type of abutment that will be used is often economics.
What is a Bridge Abutment?
An important component of a bridge is the abutment. It supports the bridge's structure vertically and circulates the bridge's weight. Abutments are used to support the span of a bridge.
Abutments Bridges are built on the ground. They are located between the ground and the deck of the bridge. They support the weight or load of the bridge deck.
Abutments are placed vertically within the water or obstacle using a wide and heavy foundation. Because of their heavyweight, the abutments can withstand water flow and soil pressure.
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Bridge Abutment: What Are The Uses?
Transfer the loads from a structure to its foundation parts.
To transmit or resist self-weight, lateral loads (such the earth pressure and wind loads) To support one edge of an approach stone. To maintain a balance between horizontal and vertical force elements on an arch bridge.
Bridge Abutment Components
Abutments can have many structural components. Typically, the five most common components of an abutment are located at each end of a bridge and include the following components:
1. Bridge Seat
Bridge Seat is the name given to the top of an abutment that has a wider span than the filament.
2. Wing Wall
This is the only component of the butment. It consists of the abutments that are adjacent to the bridge with an embankment. These are retaining walls that prevent the embankment's erosion.
3. Back Wall
It can also be contained within embankment walls. The back walls are vertically erected at the ends of most bridges. Back walls support expansion joints in the bridge deck or span.
4. Pile of the Abutment
The Pile of the Abutment is the filament that's attached to the foundation of the butment by using the bridge seat. The pile's length is determined by the height of your bridge and the depth of obstruction (canal or stream).
5. Footing of the Abutment
Similar to the foundation of a bridge, the footing of an abutment can also be called the footing. The footing connects the pile to the ground. The footing is wider and very heavy. Footing is necessary to prevent the abutment from sinking into the ground.
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Design Considerations for Bridge Abutment
The approach slab (landing) is not allowed to differ from the deck of a bridge. This is because it is likely to create a trip hazard as well as the aesthetics of road.
Avoid shear failures in your approach slab (landing) due to inadequate subsurface support. Fill the excavation for the bridge foundation or other factors.
The approach slab length must be equal to the width of bridge deck and abutment height, as determined by licensed structural engineers.
The approach slab can be combined with the bridge abutment. This is done by placing the approach slab in a suitable-sized notch in bridge abutment. Assemble anchors as needed.
Below the approach slab, subsurface elements should contain suitable compacted soil, aggregate and flowable fill.
As necessary, increase the subsurface configuration of the road subsurface to prevent any new excavations for the construction area for the bridge abutment.
It is possible to use long-term, smooth changes from the approach slab and bridge deck. This will avoid shear failure in approach slab. A licensed engineer must design an alternate method.
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